ГДЗ по Английскому Языку 11 Класс Модуль 3 Across the curriculumr Номер 2b Ваулина — Подробные Ответы

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Это мое право
А) Права для всех!
1) Подумайте о том, как часто вы пьете чистую воду, кушаете, ходите в школу или университет, говорите или пишете то, что вы думаете, и исповедуете свою религию (или нет). Все это основные права человека, или вещи, которые вы морально(morally), юридически имеете право совершать. Они одинаковы для всех, независимо(regardless) от пола, возраста, расы(race), национальности или социального класса. Они чрезвычайно важны, так как они признают ценности(values) и достоинства(dignity) всех людей, везде и всегда!
E) Человеческая история права
2) Права человека не были изобретены(invented) недавно! Их обсуждение восходит к самым ранним цивилизациям(civilisations). Лишь после жестокости(cruelties) и несправедливости(injustices), тем не менее, которые имели место во время Второй мировой войны, было решено, что защита прав человека должна иметь международное значение(concern).
B) принятие декларации
3) 10 декабря 1948 года Организация Объединенных Наций приняла(adopted) Всеобщую декларацию прав человека в Нью-Йорке. Она включает тридцать статей и защищает права на жизнь, труд, жилье, свободные мысли и многое другое. С 1948 года почти в каждой стране мира подписано одно или несколько соглашений(agreements), направленных на защиту прав человека по Всеобщей декларации прав человека.
D) нарушение прав
4) К сожалению, просто потому, что Всеобщая декларация прав человека существует, это не означает, что права человека никогда не нарушаются(violated)! В некоторых странах, например, дети работают в опасных условиях или отрицается право ходить в школу. В других странах, люди находятся в тюрьме из-за своих политических взглядов. Поэтому, существует множество благотворительных и других организаций в мире, по борьбе за права человека. Вероятно, самой известной из них является Amnesty International.

Вот некоторые упрощенные примеры из некоторых статей Декларации прав человека.
У вас есть право на:
— принадлежность к стране
— принимать участие в политике
— ходить в школку
— жить свободно и в безопасности
— иметь частную жизнь
— иметь мнения, выговаривать их и делиться ими с другими людьми
— отношение(treated) одинаково по закону
— следовать религии, которой хочешь

Никто не имеет право на:
— относиться как к рабу(slave)
— наказывать(punish) вас или сажать в тюрьме без веской причины
— брать ваши вещи без причины
— пытать(torture) вас
— отбирать ваши права

morally: according to principles that people believe are right, honest, or acceptable
(морально: согласно принципам, которые люди считают правильными, честными или приемлемыми)

regardless of: in spite of
(не взирая на: несмотря на)

race: a category of humans classified according to physical characteristics, such as skin color
(раса: категория людей, классифицированных по физическим признакам, таким как цвет кожи)

value: the worth or importance of something
(ценность: стоимость или важность чего-то)

dignity: a feeling of worth, respect, and self-regard
(достоинство: чувство ценности, уважения и самоуважения)

invented: created or imagined
(изобретенный: созданный или воображаемый)

civilizations: advanced human societies with complex social structures
(цивилизации: развитые человеческие общества с сложными социальными структурами)

cruelties: acts of cruelty that intentionally cause pain or harm to others
(жестокости: акты жестокости, которые умышленно причиняют боль или вред другим)

injustices: unfair or unequal treatment
(несправедливости: нечестное или неравное обращение)

concern: something that affects or is important to someone
(беспокойство: что-то, что влияет на вас или важно для вас)

adopted: started to use or implement
(приемный: начал использовать или внедрять)

agreements: formal decisions or contracts
(соглашения: официальные решения или контракты)

violated: disregarded or broken
(нарушенный: проигнорированный или сломанный)

treated: handled or dealt with
(иметь дело: обращаться с чем-то или иметь дело с чем-то)

slave: a person owned by another and forced to work for them
(раб: человек, принадлежащий другому и вынужденный работать на него)

punish: to cause someone to suffer for a wrongdoing
(наказывать: заставить кого-то страдать за проступок)

torture: to inflict severe pain on someone over time, either as punishment or to extract information
(пытка: причинять сильную боль кому-то в течение времени, либо как наказание, либо для получения информации)

Here is a more detailed version of the definitions:

Morally: This term refers to actions, decisions, or behaviors that are based on ethical principles or standards that society recognizes as good, right, or acceptable. Morality involves distinguishing between right and wrong, good and bad, and is influenced by cultural, religious, or societal norms. People act morally when they make choices that align with these standards of fairness, justice, and respect for others.

Regardless of: This phrase means «without being affected by» or «despite.» It indicates that something is true or valid even when other factors, conditions, or circumstances are ignored or do not influence the outcome. For example, human rights should be upheld regardless of a person’s background, appearance, or beliefs.

Race: Race refers to a category of people who share similar physical characteristics, such as skin color, facial features, or hair texture. It is often used as a way to classify people in society, but it’s important to note that race is a social construct and not a scientific fact. Historically, race has been used to categorize and sometimes discriminate against people, but it does not have a scientific basis in terms of genetic differences.

Value: The term «value» refers to the importance, worth, or usefulness of something. This can apply to both tangible things, like money or objects, and intangible things, like relationships, freedom, or dignity. In human rights discussions, the value of something often reflects its fundamental importance to people’s well-being, happiness, and ability to live a fulfilling life.

Dignity: Dignity is the inherent worth and respect that every human being is entitled to. It involves treating people with honor, consideration, and fairness. Dignity is not something that can be earned or taken away; rather, it is a basic right that all people possess, regardless of their background, appearance, or status. A person’s dignity is often linked to their self-respect and how others acknowledge and treat them.

Invented: To invent something means to create or think up something that did not previously exist. This can apply to ideas, technologies, or even concepts. When someone invents something, they bring new knowledge, processes, or products into the world. Many important social concepts, like human rights or justice, were invented over time as societies progressed and sought better ways to live together.

Civilizations: Civilizations are advanced human societies that have developed complex social, political, and economic structures. These societies are often characterized by organized governance, established legal systems, widespread agriculture, technological advancements, and cultural achievements. Civilizations represent the culmination of human progress in terms of organization, knowledge, and collective efforts to improve living conditions.

Cruelties: Cruelties refer to actions that deliberately cause harm, suffering, or distress to others. These actions are often carried out without regard for the well-being or feelings of others, and they typically involve extreme or unnecessary pain. Historical examples of cruelty include torture, abuse, and violence toward certain groups of people based on race, gender, or belief.

Injustices: Injustices are acts of unfair treatment or violation of rights. When people or groups are subjected to injustices, they experience inequality or discrimination. This can involve being denied basic rights or opportunities based on factors like race, gender, or social status. Injustice can be seen in legal systems, workplaces, and society as a whole when people are treated unfairly or unequally.

Concern: Concern refers to something that involves, affects, or is important to someone. It reflects a personal or collective interest or care for an issue, situation, or individual. For instance, people may have concerns about their own safety, the environment, or social justice. When people are concerned, they typically feel a sense of responsibility or interest in addressing the matter at hand.

Adopted: To adopt something means to accept, start using, or begin following a particular idea, practice, or agreement. For example, countries may adopt laws to protect human rights, or people may adopt certain behaviors or customs as part of their way of life. Adoption can also refer to the formal process of accepting a child into a family as one’s own.

Agreements: Agreements are formal decisions or contracts made between individuals, groups, or organizations. They often involve mutual consent or understanding of certain terms and conditions. In international law, agreements like treaties, declarations, or conventions are used to define and protect human rights and outline the responsibilities of governments and individuals.

Violated: To violate something means to break or disregard a rule, law, or agreement. Violating human rights can involve denying someone their basic freedoms, such as freedom of speech or the right to be treated with dignity. Violations can occur when laws or agreements are ignored or when power is abused.

Treated: When we say someone is «treated» in a certain way, it refers to how they are dealt with or managed in a given situation. This can involve how people are respected, honored, or treated with fairness or disrespect. The treatment of individuals, especially in terms of justice and human rights, is a critical factor in determining whether they are being properly acknowledged and respected.

Slave: A slave is a person who is forced to work for another person or entity without any personal freedom. Slaves are often treated as property and can be exploited for labor without compensation. Slavery has historically been used to oppress and dehumanize people, often based on race, ethnicity, or social status. Modern slavery still exists in various forms around the world.

Punish: To punish someone is to impose a penalty or suffering as a consequence for a wrongdoing or crime. Punishment can be physical, emotional, or legal, and it is often intended to deter further misdeeds or to seek justice for the wrong done. However, punishment must be fair and proportional to the offense, ensuring that the person’s basic rights are not violated.

Torture: Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering, often for the purpose of punishment, coercion, or obtaining information. It is a violation of human rights and is considered illegal under international law. Torture can cause lasting physical and psychological damage to the victim and is one of the most extreme forms of cruelty.