ГДЗ по Английскому Языку 10 Класс Модуль 3e Номер 1 Ваулина — Подробные Ответы

Определите, какие из следующих признаков (1-8) должно иметь официальное письмо, затем прочитайте теоретический блок и проверьте. Найдите новые особенности в теоретическом блоке и добавьте их в список.

A personal and chatty tone – The language sounds like natural conversation between friends or family.

Very specific greetings and closings – Such as “Hi Emma!” or “See you soon!” instead of formal ones.

Casual, everyday vocabulary – Slang, colloquial expressions, and relaxed sentence structures are common.

Less complex vocabulary and sentence structures – Words are simple and informal; grammar is relaxed.

Use of fixed expressions and set phrases – Like “How’s it going?”, “Catch you later!”, or “Long time no see!”

Frequent use of contractions – Examples: “I’m,” “you’ve,” “we’ll,” instead of full forms like “I am” or “we will.”

Some passive voice may still appear, but it’s less common than in formal writing.

Lots of phrasal verbs and idiomatic language – For example, “get along with,” “put up with,” or “it’s raining cats and dogs.”

Formal Letters Typically Include:
Polite and structured greetings and endings – For instance, “Dear Mr Barnes, … Yours sincerely” (when the name is known), or “Dear Sir or Madam, … Yours faithfully” (when the name is unknown).

Formal vocabulary and expressions – For example: “I am writing to apply for the position of…” instead of something casual like “I’d like to get the job.”

Advanced linking words and transitions – Such as “therefore,” “moreover,” “in addition,” “however,” and “as a result.”

Frequent use of the passive voice – Phrases like “I can be contacted at…” or “You will be informed shortly…” are standard.

Full forms, not contractions – Formal letters avoid shortened forms like “I’ve” or “we’re,” and use full forms like “I have” and “we are.”

Formal Letters Avoid:
Informal greetings and sign-offs (e.g., “Hi!” or “Take care”).

Conversational or slang expressions.
Heavy use of idioms or phrasal verbs.
Contractions and overly casual tone.

Formal vs Informal Letters: A Detailed Comparison
Writing letters, whether formal or informal, requires using the right tone, structure, and vocabulary for the situation. The style of writing depends greatly on who the recipient is, the purpose of the letter, and the relationship between the writer and the reader.

Informal Letters: Personal and Friendly
Informal letters are typically written to people we know well — such as friends, family members, or close acquaintances. They are relaxed in tone and often conversational, mimicking the way we speak in everyday life. Here are the main features of informal letters:

Personal and Chatty Style:
Informal letters often sound like spoken conversation. The writer expresses emotions freely and uses personal anecdotes or thoughts. The tone is warm, spontaneous, and direct.

Specific and Friendly Greetings/Closings:
Instead of “Dear Sir or Madam,” informal letters start with phrases like “Hi Alex,” or “Dear Grandma,” and end with expressions like “Love,” “Take care,” or “See you soon.”

Everyday Language:
Common, simple words and casual phrases are used. Slang, contractions, and spoken expressions (e.g., “gonna,” “wanna,” “you guys”) are acceptable depending on the closeness of the relationship.

Simple Vocabulary and Grammar:
The sentences tend to be short and straightforward. There’s no need for complex structures or advanced vocabulary unless it reflects the speaker’s style.

Common Set Phrases:
Informal letters often include expressions like “How are you doing?” “Thanks for your last letter,” “Guess what?” or “Can’t wait to hear from you!” These make the message sound natural and personal.

Contractions:
Informal letters almost always use shortened forms like “I’m,” “don’t,” “she’s,” “we’ll.” This helps keep the tone light and conversational.

Occasional Passive Voice:
Though rare, passive voice can appear if it sounds natural, but active voice is more common.

Use of Idioms and Phrasal Verbs:
Informal letters are full of colorful language: idioms (e.g., “hit the books,” “break the ice”) and phrasal verbs (e.g., “hang out,” “pick up,” “give in”) help express emotions vividly.

Formal Letters: Professional and Polished
Formal letters are written for official purposes. These include job applications, complaint letters, requests, or business correspondence. The tone is respectful, objective, and structured. Here’s what defines a formal letter:

Structured Format:
A formal letter follows a clear layout — with sender and recipient information, date, formal greeting, body, and formal closing.

Formal Greetings and Endings:
Examples include:

“Dear Mr. Smith” → “Yours sincerely” (when you know the name).

“Dear Sir or Madam” → “Yours faithfully” (when you don’t know the name).

Advanced Vocabulary:
Formal expressions like “I am writing to inform you…”, “I would like to apply for…”, or “Your assistance in this matter would be greatly appreciated” are typical.

Formal Linking Words:
Words and phrases such as “However,” “Therefore,” “In conclusion,” “In addition,” and “Nevertheless” help connect ideas in a clear and professional way.

Use of the Passive Voice:
Passive constructions create a more impersonal and polite tone. Examples include:

“You will be notified once a decision has been made.”
“I can be reached at…”

No Contractions:
Formal letters avoid shortened forms. You should write “I am” instead of “I’m”, or “we will” instead of “we’ll.”

Impersonal and Objective:
The content is direct, respectful, and focused on facts or formal intent. There is no room for slang or emotional language.

No Idioms or Phrasal Verbs:
Phrasal verbs like “put up with” or idioms like “on cloud nine” are too casual for formal writing. Instead, more precise alternatives are used, such as “tolerate” instead of “put up with.”